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When you lay laminate flooring over an existing subfloor, the project hinges on solid prep and a careful plan. Start by evaluating the current surface for moisture, debris, and levelness. Any dips, raised nails, or loose boards must be addressed before you begin. Vacuum thoroughly, then sweep with a damp cloth to remove fine dust that could interfere with the underlayment. If the subfloor shows signs of moisture intrusion, treat it with a barrier or sealant recommended by the laminate manufacturer. Plan for expansion gaps around room perimeters, especially in spaces with temperature changes. A consistent base helps the planks lock firmly and prevents warping after installation.

Choosing the right underlayment is critical when installing over existing subfloors. Look for products that provide moisture protection, acoustic cushioning, and a stable, smooth surface. Some underlayments include built-in vapor barriers, which are useful in basements or kitchens where humidity fluctuates. Ensure the underlayment thickness accommodates any minor irregularities in the subfloor, but avoid overly thick materials that could compromise the locking system. Use spacers to maintain even gaps along walls, and roll out the underlayment in sections to prevent bunching. Secure or tape seams as directed by the manufacturer to minimize movement that could create ridges under the laminate.

Before you begin snapping planks, get the orientation right. Most professionals recommend aligning boards parallel to the longest wall or the main light source for a more seamless look. Avoid installing planks over a surface that still shows high variability in elevation. If you must run boards across a doorway or hallway, stagger the end joints to avoid a continuous vertical seam. Dry-fit a few rows first without glue to ensure the pattern works with the room shape. Check that all edges remain consistently flush as you lay. A steady rhythm reduces the chance of gaps appearing later during use.

Cutting and fitting are where many mistakes appear. Use a sharp blade and a saw designed for laminate to achieve clean edges. Measure twice, cut once, and account for a small expansion gap at every boundary. When trimming around permanent fixtures, keep the cut aligned with an underlayment seam to preserve a uniform surface. Place planks tightly but not so tight that they buckle. If you encounter a stubborn area near a doorway, trim the last plank to fit while maintaining the recommended gap. Always verify that the final rows interlock securely before finishing the installation.

Acclimation is often overlooked but essential. Allow the laminate to acclimate in the room where it will be installed for 48 to 72 hours, or as the manufacturer specifies. This helps the boards reach ambient humidity and temperature, reducing post-installation expansion or contraction. Keep the space at a stable level during this period to avoid surprises once you start laying. If the material arrives during a weather shift, plan for extra acclimation time. Don’t skip this step; it is your first defense against warping, cupping, or gaps appearing after flooring becomes acclimated in daily use.

Proper moisture control protects your investment. Even with a basement or dry living area, moisture can travel through concrete or wood subfloors. Use a moisture barrier if the product calls for one, and test the subfloor with a simple moisture meter when possible. Some homes require a thicker barrier in areas prone to humidity or spills. Never install laminate directly on a damp surface or over a subfloor with visible damp spots. A proactive moisture plan improves longevity and reduces the likelihood of buckling or staining that compromises aesthetics.

During installation, maintain a uniform gap around all edges. Most manufacturers specify an expansion space of about 1/4 inch to 1/2 inch, depending on climate and space. Use spacers to keep walls parallel and to ensure a consistent border. Consider the doorways and transitions where the laminate will meet other flooring types; prepare appropriate reducers or transition strips in advance. Secure underlayment seams and avoid overlapping seams that can trap dirt and impede movement. As you progress, periodically dry-fit a few planks in different areas to verify fit and keep your workflow efficient.

After the last row is in place, finish the installation with careful detailing. Remove spacers and install transition strips along doorways to hide uneven edges and to facilitate smooth movement between rooms. Clean the surface to remove any dust created during cutting, then check for gaps or misaligned planks. If adhesives were used, follow the cure times exactly and ventilate the space to ensure safe drying. A final sweep and gentle wipe will reveal a uniform, polished surface that showcases the laminate’s color and texture without visible flaws.

Finally, conduct a thorough inspection of every seam and plank. Look for gaps that may indicate boards not fully locked or issues with the underlayment beneath. If gaps exist, identify whether they’re due to improper alignment, moisture movement, or inadequate expansion space. Corrective action should be taken promptly—some gaps can be closed by gently tapping boards with a rubber mallet, while others may require lifting a section to re-seat. Do not force planks; forcing can damage locking systems and cause long-term separation that’s hard to correct after the finish is installed.

Maintenance after installation matters as much as the install itself. Use soft pads under furniture to prevent indentation marks and avoid dragging heavy items across the surface. Place mats at entryways to trap grit that could scratch the laminate. Clean with products recommended by the manufacturer, typically a damp microfiber cloth or a cleaner designed for laminate floors. Avoid steam cleaning, excessive moisture, and harsh chemicals that can degrade the finish. Regular light cleaning keeps the floor looking new while preserving its protective layer.

In summary, laying laminate over an existing subfloor can be straightforward with careful prep and precise execution. Begin by evaluating and leveling the surface, then select a suitable underlayment that suits the room’s moisture concerns. Acclimate the boards, lay them in a consistent direction, and stagger joints to create a stable, appealing pattern. Maintain expansion gaps and secure all seams per manufacturer guidelines. As you move through each step, keep a clean workspace and verify each row’s fit before moving on. The goal is a seamless, durable finish that withstands daily use and remains visually striking for years.

A durable laminate installation requires attention to detail and patience. By addressing moisture, choosing the right underlayment, and ensuring accurate cuts and alignment, you reduce common mistakes that lead to buckling or gaps. Take your time with the first few rows, because they set the course for the rest of the project. If you’re unsure about a condition—such as an uneven doorway or a balky edge—pause and consult the manufacturer’s guidelines or a professional. With careful planning and steady workmanship, you’ll enjoy a floor that looks great, feels solid underfoot, and stands up to daily life.